This chart shows the Universal Design for Learning Guidelines divided by principle into three columns. The first column on the left is shown with a purple background and is labeled with the title, "I. Representation." The second column in the middle is shown with a blue background and is labeled with the title, "II. Expression." The third column on the right is shown with a green background and is labeled with the title, "III. Engagement."
The text of the first column reads "Use multiple means of representation: 1. Provide options for perception: options that customize the display of information, options that provide alternatives for auditory information, options that provide alternatives for visual information. 2. Provide options for language and symbols: options that define vocabulary and symbols, options that clarify syntax and structure, options for decoding text or mathematical notation, options that promote cross-linguistic understanding, options that illustrate key concepts non-linguistically. 3. Provide options for comprehension: options that provide or activate background knowledge, options that highlight critical features, big ideas, and relationships, options that guide information processing, options that support memory and transfer.
The text of the second column reads "Use multiple means of expression: 4. Provide options for physical action: options in the mode of physical response, options in the means of navigation, options for accessing tools and assistive technologies. 5. Provide options for expressive skills and fluency: options in the media for communication, options in the tools for composition and problem solving, options in the scaffolds for practice and performance. 6. Provide options for executive functions: options that guide effective goal-setting, options that support planning and strategy development, options that facilitate managing information and resources, options that enhance capacity for monitoring progress.
The text of the third column reads "Use multiple means of engagement: 7. Provide options for recruiting interest: options that increase individual choice and autonomy, options that enhance relevance, value, and authenticity, options that reduce threats and distractions. 8. Provide options for sustaining effort and persistence: options that heighten salience of goals and objectives, options that vary levels of challenge and support, options that foster collaboration and communication, options that increase mastery-oriented feedback. 9. Provide options for self-regulation: options that guide personal goal-setting and expectations, options that scaffold coping skills and strategies, options that develop self-assessment and reflection.
Return to the CAST Website